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NEW QUESTION 23
Which of the following specific markets is most likely to have the lowest entry barrier?

A. ServicesB. ManufacturingC. RetailD. FinancialE. Agriculture

Answer: A

Explanation:
Start-up costs are generally low in service industries, and the main requirement is a level of knowledge and skill in that particular service.
LO 2, AC 2.1

 

NEW QUESTION 24
A buyer in Housing Authority is considering using performance specification in upcoming social housing project. What should buyer be aware when using this type of specification?

A. Using performance specification means that the buyer will bear all the risks regarding the fitness for purpose of the facility.B. The buyer must be able to define the materials to be used, the execution and installation methods required and the specific design of the buildingC. In performance specification, specific brands and preferred suppliers must be appointed to avoid the competitionD. The buyer must be able to clearly define the performance metrics to ensure that the of-fered solution will achieve the desired outcome

Answer: D

Explanation:
In construction, specifications are written documents that describe the materials and workmanship required for a development. They do not include cost, quantity or drawn information but need to be read alongside other contract documentation such as quantities, schedules and drawings.
Specifications vary considerably depending on the stage to which the design has been developed, ranging from performance (open) specifications that require further design by a contractor or sup-plier, to prescriptive (closed) specifications where the design is already complete when the project is tendered.
Prescriptive specifications give the client more certainty about the end product when they make their final investment decision (i.e. when they appoint the contractor), whereas a performance specification gives the contractor and suppliers more scope to innovate and adopt cost effective methods of work, potentially offering better value for money.
Typically, performance specifications are written on projects that are straight-forward, standard building types, whereas prescriptive specifications are written for more complex buildings, or buildings where the client has requirements that might not be familiar to contractors and where certainty regarding the exact nature of the completed development is more important to the client.
Performance specification has some disadvantages:
- Well-defined performance metrics are needed to ensure that the specified performance will achieve the desired outcome
- Require reliable, practical, economical tests of performance
- Evaluations are subjective and require additional time and effort to complete Therefore, if a performance specification is used, the buying organisation will have to ensure that they are able to define and conduct tests on whether supplier's solution can deliver the desired out-come.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 118-121
- Performance specification - Designing Buildings Wiki
- Partnership for Public Procurement (cips.org)
LO 3, AC 3.1

 

NEW QUESTION 25
Which of the following are typical benefits of through-life asset management to buying organisa-tion? Select the TWO that apply.

A. Shorter specificationsB. Lower total cost of ownershipC. Better capability of supplier over timeD. Lower risks as there are many suppliers accountable for costs and service over the life of the assetE. Greater supplier's bargaining power

Answer: B,C

Explanation:
According to Andrew Graves, "Through-life Management involves the life-cycle management of the products, services and activities required to deliver a fully integrated capability to the customer, while reducing the cost of ownership for the customer." Benefits of through-life asset management can be:
- Lower total life-cycle costs
- Better match between the asset and end-user's needs
- Better supplier capabilities over time because it gains experience of buying organisation's needs.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.2

 

NEW QUESTION 26
Ethan is the newly appointed CEO of ATT Group. He sees that the company is wasting financial resources on unnecessary spends. To solve this problem, Ethan requires all functional managers to prepare their department budget from scratch. Each spend must have justification or it will not be approved. Which budgeting method is Ethan using?

A. Zero-based budgetB. Value preposition budgetC. Activity-based budgetD. Incremental budget

Answer: A

Explanation:
There are four common types of budgets that companies use: (1) incremental, (2) activity-based, (3) value proposition, and (4) zero-based.
Incremental budgeting takes last year's actual figures and adds or subtracts a percentage to obtain the current year's budget. It is the most common method of budgeting because it is simple and easy to understand.
Activity-based budgeting is a top-down budgeting approach that determines the amount of inputs required to support the targets or outputs set by the company. For example, a company sets an out-put target of $100 million in revenues. The company will need to first determine the activities that need to be undertaken to meet the sales target, and then find out the costs of carrying out these ac-tivities.
In value proposition budgeting, the budgeter considers the following questions:
- Why is this amount included in the budget?
- Does the item create value for customers, staff, or other stakeholders?
- Does the value of the item outweigh its cost? If not, then is there another reason why the cost is justified?
Value proposition budgeting is really a mindset about making sure that everything that is included in the budget delivers value for the business. Value proposition budgeting aims to avoid unneces-sary expenditures - although it is not as precisely aimed at that goal as our final budgeting option, zero-based budgeting.
As one of the most commonly used budgeting methods, zero-based budgeting starts with the as-sumption that all department budgets are zero and must be rebuilt from scratch. Managers must be able to justify every single expense. No expenditures are automatically "okayed". Zero-based budgeting is very tight, aiming to avoid any and all expenditures that are not considered absolutely essential to the company's successful (profitable) operation. This kind of bottom-up budgeting can be a highly effective way to "shake things up". This is the method used in the scenario.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 58
- Types of Budgets - The Four Most Common Budgeting Methods (corporatefinanceinstitute.com) LO 1, AC 1.4

 

NEW QUESTION 27
Which of the following areas is specified by ISO/IEC 27001 family?

A. The dimensions and associated tolerances for a series of housings for piston sealsB. Evaluation and assessment of mutual agreed customer food safety requirementsC. The requirements for an information security management systemD. The requirements for an environmental management system

Answer: C

Explanation:
ISO/IEC 27001 is widely known, providing requirements for an information security management system (ISMS), though there are more than a dozen standards in the ISO/IEC 27000 family. Using them enables organizations of any kind to manage the security of assets such as financial infor-mation, intellectual property, employee details or information entrusted by third parties.
LO 3, AC 3.1

 

NEW QUESTION 28
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