Uterine fibroids are common non-cancerous growths that develop in the uterus. While they may not always cause symptoms, fibroids can lead to discomfort, heavy periods, and fertility challenges for some women. Understanding the different types of fibroids can help in choosing the best treatment option.
What Are Fibroids?
Fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are composed of muscle and connective tissue. They vary in size and location, which determines their classification into four main types: subserosal, intramural, submucosal, and pedunculated fibroids.
1. Subserosal Fibroids
Subserosal fibroids grow on the outer surface of the uterus. They may expand outward, causing pressure on surrounding organs like the bladder or intestines. Women with these fibroids often experience bloating, frequent urination, and pelvic discomfort. Since they develop externally, they rarely interfere with menstruation but can lead to pain and pressure.
Treatment for Subserosal Fibroids
Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) – A non-surgical procedure that blocks the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink.
Myomectomy – A surgical procedure to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus.
Hysterectomy – A permanent solution that involves removing the uterus.
2. Intramural Fibroids
Intramural fibroids are the most common types of fibroids and grow within the muscular wall of the uterus. They can range in size and may cause an enlarged uterus, leading to heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, and reproductive issues.
Treatment for Intramural Fibroids
Medications – Hormonal treatments can help regulate symptoms but do not eliminate fibroids.
UFE – Minimally invasive and effective for reducing fibroid size.
Surgical Removal – Myomectomy or hysterectomy, depending on the severity.
3. Submucosal Fibroids
Submucosal fibroids develop just beneath the uterine lining, making them more likely to cause excessive menstrual bleeding and fertility complications. Women with submucosal fibroids often experience prolonged periods, anemia, and difficulty getting pregnant.
Treatment for Submucosal Fibroids
Hysteroscopic Myomectomy – A minimally invasive procedure that removes fibroids through the cervix without external incisions.
UFE – Reduces fibroid size, helping with bleeding and pain.
Endometrial Ablation – Destroys the uterine lining to control heavy bleeding.
4. Pedunculated Fibroids
Pedunculated fibroids are attached to the uterus by a thin stalk. These fibroids can grow internally or externally and may twist, causing severe pain and discomfort.
Treatment for Pedunculated Fibroids
Laparoscopic or Hysteroscopic Myomectomy – Removes the fibroid while preserving the uterus.
UFE – Helps shrink the fibroid and alleviate symptoms.
Pain Management – Medications to manage temporary discomfort.
Symptoms of Fibroids
The symptoms vary depending on the type, size, and location of the fibroids. Common symptoms include:
Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
Pelvic pain or pressure
Frequent urination
Constipation
Back or leg pain
Fertility challenges
Risk Factors for Fibroids
Certain factors can increase the risk of developing fibroids, including:
Family history
Hormonal imbalances (estrogen and progesterone)
Obesity
High blood pressure
Vitamin D deficiency
Diagnosis of Fibroids
Doctors use imaging tests such as ultrasound, MRI, and hysteroscopy to diagnose fibroids and determine their type and location.
Best Treatment for Different Types of Fibroids
Choosing the right treatment depends on factors such as symptom severity, fibroid location, and a woman’s future pregnancy plans. Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) is an effective, non-surgical treatment that works for all types of fibroids, helping women avoid invasive surgery.
Conclusion
Understanding the types of fibroids is essential for managing symptoms and choosing the best treatment. Whether through medication, minimally invasive procedures like UFE, or surgery, women have multiple options to regain their quality of life. Seeking professional care is crucial for effective fibroid management.
