Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that form in or around the uterus. While they are common among women of reproductive age, not all fibroids are the same. Their symptoms and effects often depend on where they grow and how large they become. Understanding the different types of fibroids can help in recognizing symptoms and exploring the right treatment options.

1. Intramural Fibroids
Intramural fibroids are the most common type, developing within the muscular wall of the uterus. As they grow, they can cause the uterus to expand, sometimes giving the appearance of weight gain or pregnancy. Women with intramural fibroids may experience heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, pelvic pain, or pressure in the lower abdomen.

2. Subserosal Fibroids

Subserosal fibroids form on the outer surface of the uterus. Because of their location, they often press against surrounding organs such as the bladder or bowel. This can lead to symptoms like frequent urination, constipation, or a feeling of abdominal heaviness. Subserosal fibroids usually do not cause heavy menstrual bleeding but can lead to significant discomfort if they grow large.

3. Submucosal Fibroids

Submucosal fibroids grow just beneath the lining of the uterine cavity and can extend into the uterine space. Even small submucosal fibroids can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, severe cramps, and fertility problems. They are less common than other types but tend to produce the most disruptive symptoms.

4. Pedunculated Fibroids

Pedunculated fibroids grow on small stalks that extend from either the inside or outside of the uterus. Because they are attached by a thin stem, they can sometimes twist, cutting off their blood supply and causing sudden, sharp pain. Depending on their location, they may mimic the symptoms of subserosal or submucosal fibroids.

Why Understanding Fibroid Types Matters

Knowing the type of fibroid present is important because it guides treatment choices. Some fibroids may respond well to medication or minimally invasive treatments, while others may require more targeted procedures. A doctor can determine the type of fibroid through imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI and recommend the best management plan.

Fibroids are not life-threatening, but they can seriously impact a woman’s quality of life. By identifying the type of fibroid, women can make informed decisions and choose treatment options that provide relief and restore well-being.