Uterine fibroids are a common health condition affecting many women worldwide. These non-cancerous growths develop in or around the uterus and can vary widely in size, number, and location. Understanding the different types of fibroids is essential for recognizing symptoms, exploring treatment options, and managing overall health effectively.

In this blog, we will explore the main types of fibroids, their characteristics, and how they can impact a woman's health.

Fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are benign tumors made up of muscle and fibrous tissue that grow in the uterus. While many women with fibroids experience no symptoms, others may face heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, pressure on the bladder or bowel, and complications related to fertility and pregnancy.

The type and location of fibroids often influence the symptoms experienced and the treatment approach recommended by healthcare providers.

Fibroids are classified based on their location within the uterus. The three primary types of fibroids are:

Intramural fibroids are the most common type. These fibroids grow within the muscular wall of the uterus (myometrium). As they enlarge, intramural fibroids can cause the uterus to become larger than normal and may lead to heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, and pain.

Because of their location, intramural fibroids can also interfere with fertility and pregnancy by distorting the uterine cavity or affecting the blood flow to the uterine lining.

Subserosal fibroids develop on the outer surface of the uterus, just beneath the serosal (outer) layer. These fibroids tend to grow outward, sometimes forming a stalk (pedunculated fibroids) that connects them to the uterus.

Subserosal fibroids typically cause fewer menstrual symptoms but may cause pressure or pain in the pelvic or abdominal area depending on their size and position. Large subserosal fibroids can press against the bladder or rectum, leading to urinary or bowel symptoms.

Submucosal fibroids are located just beneath the lining of the uterine cavity (endometrium). Though less common, these fibroids often cause the most significant symptoms, including heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, and fertility issues.

Because they distort the uterine cavity, submucosal fibroids are more likely to cause miscarriages or difficulties with embryo implantation, making them a significant concern for women trying to conceive.

Apart from the three main types, there are some less common fibroid varieties:

Pedunculated Fibroids: These fibroids grow on stalks either inside the uterine cavity (submucosal) or on the outer surface (subserosal). Because of their attachment, they can sometimes twist, causing severe pain or emergency situations.

Cervical Fibroids: These fibroids develop in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. Cervical fibroids are rare and can cause difficulties during childbirth or affect the urinary tract.

Symptoms vary depending on the fibroid type, size, and location:

Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: More common with submucosal and intramural fibroids.

Pelvic Pain or Pressure: Often caused by larger fibroids, especially subserosal types pressing on surrounding organs.

Frequent Urination or Difficulty Emptying Bladder: When fibroids press on the bladder.

Constipation or Bloating: Caused by pressure on the bowel.

Reproductive Issues: Including infertility, recurrent miscarriage, or complications during pregnancy, particularly with submucosal and intramural fibroids.

Diagnosing the type of fibroids typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI. Knowing the type and location helps doctors recommend the best treatment approach, which can range from medication to surgical options.

Treatment decisions depend on symptoms, fibroid size, location, the woman’s age, and desire for future fertility.

Medications: Can help manage symptoms but usually do not eliminate fibroids.

Minimally Invasive Procedures: Such as uterine artery embolization (UAE) or MRI-guided focused ultrasound to shrink fibroids.

Surgical Options: Including myomectomy (removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), depending on severity and patient preference.

Understanding the types of fibroids is crucial for women experiencing symptoms or those diagnosed with fibroids. Intramural, subserosal, and submucosal fibroids each have unique characteristics that influence symptoms and treatment.

If you suspect you have fibroids or experience related symptoms, consult your healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan. With advances in medical technology and treatment options, managing fibroids effectively has become more achievable than ever before.

Early diagnosis and tailored care can improve quality of life and reproductive health for women dealing with this common condition