Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a groundbreaking, minimally invasive procedure that offers an effective alternative to traditional surgical treatments for uterine fibroids. As fibroids affect a significant number of women worldwide, understanding UAE’s benefits, process, and outcomes is essential for those seeking relief without the risks associated with surgery.

Uterine artery embolization, also known simply as UAE, is a non-surgical treatment designed to shrink uterine fibroids — benign tumors that grow within the muscle wall of the uterus. These fibroids can cause symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, pressure on the bladder or bowel, and even fertility issues in some cases.

Unlike hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) or myomectomy (surgical removal of fibroids), UAE targets the blood supply to the fibroids. By blocking the arteries that feed the fibroids, UAE effectively cuts off their oxygen and nutrient supply, causing the fibroids to shrink and symptoms to improve.

During the UAE procedure, an interventional radiologist inserts a thin catheter, typically through a small incision in the groin or wrist, and carefully guides it to the uterine arteries. Using imaging techniques such as fluoroscopy (a real-time X-ray), the physician locates the arteries supplying blood to the fibroids.

Tiny particles, called embolic agents, are then injected through the catheter into these arteries. These particles block the blood flow specifically to the fibroids, causing them to shrink over time, while preserving the healthy uterine tissue. The procedure usually takes about one to two hours and is performed under local anesthesia with sedation.

Minimally Invasive: UAE requires only a small puncture and avoids large surgical incisions, reducing the risk of complications and infection.

Quick Recovery: Patients often return home the same day or after an overnight stay, with a recovery period significantly shorter than traditional surgery—typically around one to two weeks.

Uterus Preservation: Unlike hysterectomy, UAE preserves the uterus, which is important for women who wish to maintain fertility or avoid major surgery.

Symptom Relief: Most women experience significant reduction in symptoms such as heavy bleeding and pelvic pain within weeks to months after UAE.

Low Risk of Recurrence: While fibroids can sometimes regrow, UAE has a durable success rate, with many patients enjoying long-term symptom relief.

UAE is ideal for women with symptomatic uterine fibroids who want a less invasive alternative to surgery. It is especially beneficial for those who:

Have multiple fibroids or fibroids in locations that make surgery difficult.

Wish to avoid hysterectomy.

Prefer shorter recovery times.

Are medically unfit for major surgery.

However, UAE may not be suitable for women who are pregnant, have active pelvic infections, or have certain types of cancer. A thorough evaluation by a specialist is essential to determine candidacy.

After UAE, some patients experience cramping and pelvic discomfort similar to menstrual cramps, which typically last for a few days. Pain management and rest are important during this phase. Most women can resume normal activities within one to two weeks.

Follow-up imaging is usually done after three to six months to assess fibroid shrinkage. Patients often report improved quality of life, with decreased bleeding and reduced pelvic pressure.

Like any medical procedure, UAE carries some risks, including:

Post-embolization syndrome (fever, pain, nausea)

Infection

Rarely, damage to surrounding tissues

Changes in menstrual patterns

Possible impact on future fertility (though many women have had successful pregnancies post-UAE)

Discussing these risks thoroughly with your healthcare provider ensures informed decision-making.

Uterine artery embolization represents a significant advancement in the treatment of uterine fibroids, offering women a safe, effective, and minimally invasive option for symptom relief. With its ability to preserve the uterus and promote a quicker recovery, UAE is becoming a preferred choice for many patients and physicians alike.

If you are struggling with fibroid-related symptoms, consulting a specialist about uterine artery embolization can help you explore whether this innovative procedure aligns with your health goals and lifestyle.