Uterine artery embolization (UAE), also known as uterine artery embolization, is a revolutionary minimally invasive procedure designed to treat uterine fibroids. Fibroids are noncancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure symptoms. For many women, fibroids significantly impact quality of life. Traditional treatments, such as hysterectomy or myomectomy, involve surgery and longer recovery times. However, uterine artery embolization offers an effective alternative with less downtime and fewer risks.

In this blog, we will explore what uterine artery embolization is, how it works, its benefits, and considerations for women exploring fibroid treatment options.

Uterine artery embolization is a minimally invasive procedure performed by an interventional radiologist to block the blood supply to uterine fibroids. By cutting off their blood flow, the fibroids shrink and symptoms improve.

During the procedure, a small catheter is inserted into the femoral artery (usually in the groin) and guided to the uterine arteries. Tiny particles are then injected to embolize (block) these arteries feeding the fibroids. This targeted blockage causes fibroids to shrink over time while preserving the uterus.

The primary goal of uterine artery embolization is to reduce fibroid size and alleviate symptoms by restricting their blood supply. Fibroids depend on blood flow for growth and survival. When the uterine arteries are embolized, the fibroids become ischemic (lack blood flow), leading to tissue death and shrinkage.

The procedure typically takes about one hour and is performed under local anesthesia with sedation. Patients usually stay in the hospital for several hours and are often discharged the same day.

Uterine artery embolization offers several advantages over traditional fibroid treatments:

Minimally Invasive: Unlike hysterectomy or myomectomy, UAE does not involve major surgery or abdominal incisions. This means less pain and scarring.

Uterus Preservation: UAE preserves the uterus, making it an option for women who wish to avoid hysterectomy.

Quick Recovery: Recovery time is much shorter compared to surgical options. Most patients return to normal activities within one to two weeks.

Effective Symptom Relief: Studies show that UAE significantly reduces symptoms such as heavy bleeding, pelvic pressure, and pain in the majority of patients.

Lower Risk: As a less invasive procedure, UAE carries fewer risks of infection and complications compared to surgery.

Uterine artery embolization is suitable for many women with symptomatic fibroids, especially those who want to avoid surgery. Candidates typically include:

Women experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding or pelvic pressure due to fibroids.

Those seeking a uterus-preserving treatment.

Patients who may not be good surgical candidates due to medical conditions.

Women who want shorter recovery times and less invasive procedures.

However, UAE is not recommended for women who are pregnant or who desire future pregnancy in some cases, as the procedure may affect fertility. A detailed consultation with a healthcare provider is essential to determine suitability.

Before the procedure, patients undergo imaging studies such as MRI or ultrasound to map fibroid size and location. On the day of UAE, local anesthesia and sedation ensure comfort.

Post-procedure, patients may experience cramping, pelvic pain, and mild fever, commonly referred to as post-embolization syndrome. These symptoms are typically managed with pain medications and subside within a few days.

Follow-up visits help monitor fibroid shrinkage and symptom improvement. Most women notice significant relief within 3 to 6 months after embolization.

While uterine artery embolization is generally safe, potential risks include:

Infection

Allergic reactions to contrast dye

Non-target embolization (blocking unintended arteries)

Premature ovarian failure (rare)

Possible effects on fertility

Patients should discuss these risks and benefits thoroughly with their healthcare provider before deciding.

Uterine artery embolization is a valuable treatment option for women with symptomatic uterine fibroids seeking a minimally invasive, uterus-preserving approach. It offers effective symptom relief, shorter recovery times, and fewer risks compared to traditional surgery.

If you or someone you know is struggling with fibroids, consulting a specialist about uterine artery embolization can provide insight into whether this innovative procedure is the right choice. Advances like UAE are transforming fibroid care and improving quality of life for many women worldwide